Ali Onur Cerrah¹, Abdullah Ruhi Soylu², Hayri Ertan¹, Adrian Lees³

¹Anadolu University, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Department of Coaching Education, Eskisehir, Turkey
²Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, Biophysics Department, Ankara, Turkey
³Emeritus Professor

The Effect of Kick Type on the Relationship between Kicking Leg Muscle Activation and Ball Velocity

Monten. J. Sports Sci. Med. 2018, 7(1), 39-44 | DOI: 10.26773/mjssm.180305

Abstract

This study aimed to identify the effects of different kick types on the relationship between kicking leg muscle activation and ball velocity. The muscle activation of selected knee extensor and flexor muscles of 10 amateur soccer players were measured using electromyography during the performance of six maximal soccer kick types. The highest ball velocity was achieved by the instep kick (96.2 km/hr-1), followed by the lofted kick, the inside curve kick, the outside kick, the outside curve kick, and finally the inside kick (81.3 km/hr-1). There were significant positive correlations between muscle activation and ball velocity for the vastus lateralis and lofted (0.765), inside curve (0.792) and instep kicks (0.788), and for the gastrocnemious with the outside kick (0.796). Non-significant correlations between muscle activation and ball velocity exhibited a trend such that they were positive for the vastus medialis and vastus lateralis but negative for the biceps femoris and gastrocnemious for inside-foot-dominated kicks, while this trend was reversed for outside-foot-dominated kicks. According to results, the noted trends can be explained by the change in muscle activation patterns required to orientate the foot for each type of kick; this has implications for players’ training activities.

Keywords

soccer, kick type, electromyography, ball velocity

View full article
(PDF – 130KB)

References

Asai, T., Carré, M. J., Akatsuka, T., & Haake, S. J. (2002). The curve kick of a football I: impact with the foot. Sports Engineering, 5(4), 183-192.

Bauer, G. (1993). Soccer Techniques, Tactics and Teamwork: New York Sterling Publishing Company.

Bollens, E., De Proft E., & Clarys, J. (1987). The accuracy and muscle monitoring in soccer kicking. In Jonsson, B. (Eds.), Biomechanics X-A. (pp. 283-288). Champaign Illinois: Human Kinetics.

Brophy, R. H., Backus, S. I., Pansy B. S., Lyman, S., & Williams, R. J. (2007). Lower extremity muscle activation and alignment during the soccer instep and side- foot kicks. Journal of Orthopedic and Sports Physical Therapy, 37(5), 260- 268.

Cerrah, A. O., Onarici Gungor, E., Soylu A. R., Ertan, H., Lees, A., & Bayrak, C. (2011). Muscular Activation patterns during the Soccer In- Step Kick. Isokinetic and Exercsice Science, 19(3), 181-190.

Clarys, J.P., Dufour, W., & Pynaert, M. (1984). Electromyography of three soccer kick movements. Geneeskunde en Sport, 17, 17-21.

Commetti, G., Maffiuletti, N. A., Pousson, M., Chatard, J. C., & Maffulli, N. (2001). Isokinetic strength and anaerobic power of elite, subelite and amateur French soccer players. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 22(1), 45-51.

De Proft, E., Clarys, J., & Bollens, E. (1988). Muscle activity in the soccer kick. In Reilly, T., Lees, A., Davids K., & Murphy, W.J. (Eds). Science and football (pp. 434-440). London: E & FN Spon.

Domholdt, E. (2000). Physical therapy research. Principles and Applications: Philadelphia: WB Saunders.

Sørensen, H., Simonsen, E. B., Aagaard, H., Dyhre-Poulsen, P. & Klausen, K. (1999). EMG activity of the iliopsoas muscle and leg kinetics during the soccer place kick. Scandinavian Journal Medicine Science and Sports, 9(4), 155-200.

Hermens, H. J., Freriks, B., Disselhorst-Klug, C., & Rau, G. (2000). Development of recommendations for SEMG sensors and sensor placement procedures. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 10(5), 361-374.

Katis, A., & Kellis, E. (2010). Three dimensional kinematics and ground reaction forces during the instep and outstep soccer kicks in pubertal players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 28(11), 1233-1241.

Kawamoto, R., Miyagi, O., Ohashi, J., & Fukashiro, S. (2007). Kinetic comparison of a side-foot soccer kick between experienced and in experienced players. Sports Biomechanics, 6(2), 187-198.

Kellis, E., & Baltzopoulos, V. (1998). Muscle activation differences between eccentric and concentric isokinetic exercise. Medicine Science in Sports and Exercise, 30(11), 16–23.

Kellis, E., Katis, A., & Vrabas, I.S. (2006). Effects of an intermittent exercise fatigue protocol on biomechanics of soccer kick performance. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 16(5), 334-344.

Kellis, E., & Katis, A. (2007). Biomechanical characteristics and determinants of instep soccer kick. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 6(2), 154-165.

Lees, A., & Nolan, L. (1998). The biomechanics of soccer: A Review. Journal of Sports Sciences, 16(3), 211-234.

Lees, A., & Nolan, L. (2002). Three-dimensional kinematic analysis of the instep kick under speed and accuracy conditions. Science and football IV, 16-21.

Lees, A., Asai, T., Andersen, T. B., Nunome, H., & Sterzing, T. (2010). The biomechanics of kicking in soccer: A review. Journal of sports sciences, 28(8), 805-817.

Levanon, J., & Dapena, J. (1998). Comparison of the kinematics of the full-instep and pass kicks in soccer. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 30(6), 917-927.

Masuda, K., Kikuhara, N., Takahashi, H., & Yamanaka, K. (2003). The relationship between muscle cross-sectional area and strength in various isokinetic movements among soccer players. Journal of sports sciences, 21(10), 851-858.

McCrudden, M., & Reilly, T. (1993). A comparison of the punt and the drop-kick. Science and football II, 362-368.

Nunome, H., Asai, T., Ikegami, Y., & Sakurai, S. (2002). Three-dimensional kinetic analysis of side-foot and instep soccer kicks. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 34(12), 2028-2036.

Nunome, H., Lake, M., Georgakis, A., & Stergioulas, L. K. (2006). Impact phase kinematics of instep kicking in soccer. Journal of Sports Sciences, 24(1), 11-22.

Scurr, J. C., Abbott, V., & Ball, N. (2011). Quadriceps EMG muscle activation during accurate soccer instep kicking. Journal of sports sciences, 29(3), 247-251.

Shan, G., & Westerhoff, P. (2005). Soccer: Full‐body kinematic characteristics of the maximal instep soccer kick by male soccer players and parameters related to kick quality. Sports Biomechanics, 4(1), 59-72.

Sterzing, T., Lange, J. S., Wächtler, T., Müller, C., & Milani, T. L. (2009). Velocity and accuracy as performance criteria for three different soccer kicking techniques. In ISBS-Conference Proceedings Archive (Vol. 1, No. 1).